Tainan Travel: Koxinga Shrine and Museum

Koxinga Museum (鄭成功歷史文物館)

Koxinga Museum (鄭成功歷史文物館), also known as Kaishan Wang Temple or Zheng Chengmiao Temple, is located in the Central and Western District of Tainan City. It was the first official residence of Zheng Chenggong during the Qing Dynasty. During the Japanese rule, it was renamed the Kaisho Shrine and became the earliest shrine established by the Japanese in Taiwan. It was the only shrine that was converted from a temple to a shrine before the Second World War. The temple was reconstructed in 1963 and was not designated as a historical monument until 2010.

It is believed that as early as 1662, local residents built a small temple to worship Wang Zhenggong. In the Qing Dynasty, the temple was called "King Mountain Temple" due to political considerations. The term "mountain" symbolizes "Taiwan" and represents Zheng Chenggong's intention of "establishing a sacred king." However, the deities worshipped at the Kaishan Temple are also Wang Ye and Chen Ling.

The stone bird house, a remnant from the Japanese era, has its top beam excavated and displayed in the Zheng Chenggong Museum. Above the "Zhonggan Yidan" is the inscription of Bai Chongzhen, as well as the emblem of the Kuomintang Party.

In 1947, the temple was rebuilt and designated as a historical site by the Taiwan Provincial Government. During the reconstruction in 1963, the temple was transformed from its original Fuzhou architectural style to reinforced concrete. The building was constructed with glazed tiles, which represent the typical Chinese palace architecture.

Today, the complex consists of the temple itself, a garden, and the Zheng Chenggong Museum. The main entrance is on Kaishan Road, with a memorial arch in front of the gate. The arch was originally part of the bird house of the Tainan Shrine during the Japanese occupation but was removed during post-war reconstruction. On both sides of the arch, there is a couplet with an inscription by former Defense Minister Bai Chongxi in 1947. However, during the 1964 reconstruction, it was changed by Huang Dianquan.

The temple has a three-in-one courtyard facing east, consisting of the main gate, main hall, and apse wing rooms on both sides. On the left side of the gate, there is a corridor with a statue of "Ganhui General." A garden leads to the north. The main hall is dedicated to Zheng Chenggong, with a stone shrine and a statue of Zheng Chenggong sculpted by Yang Yingfeng in the center.

In the apse, the Taiji symbol is dedicated to Zheng Chenggong's mother. On the left side is the Ningjing Wangfu, and on the right side is the residence of Zheng Chenggong's grandson Zheng Kezhen and his wife Chen. In the courtyard in front of the Taiyuan, there is a Gumei plant, which is said to have been cultivated by Zheng Chenggong.

In 1930, the "Taiwan Culture 300th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting" was held in Tainan to collect historical materials. In 1932, the "Taiwan History Museum" was established in Yu'an Platform Bay (formerly Anping). The museum's venues were initially the Tainan Commodity Exhibition Hall, then the Koxinga Museum, and later the South Gate. In 1945, the "Tainan City History Museum" was reestablished in Chihkan Tower. In 1964, Wangfu was converted into a northern palace-style building, and a western-style building was constructed on the south side. The museum was relocated from the former site of Chihkan Tower and renamed as the "Tainan City National Cultural Relics Museum." In 1992, the museum was reorganized and renamed as the "Zheng Chenggong Cultural Relics Museum."

Address:

700台南市中西區開山路152號鄭成功歷史文物館

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Historic places of Tainan City North District

Tainan is the oldest city in Taiwan and is commonly known as the "Capital City" due to its more than 200 years of history as the capital of Taiwan under the rule of Koxinga and later the Qing Dynasty. The city's complex history of resurgence, redefinition, and renewal has earned it the popular nickname "Phoenix City." As Taiwan's oldest urban area, Tainan was established by the Dutch East India Company as a ruling and trading base known as Fort Zeelandia during the Dutch colonial period. The city's previous name, Tayouan, is believed to be the origin of the name "Taiwan."

Tainan is also regarded as one of Taiwan's cultural capitals, renowned for its rich folk cultures, including its famous street food and traditional cuisine. It has diligently preserved Taoist rituals and a wide range of living local traditions that encompass various aspects of life, from childbirth to funerals. The city is home to Taiwan's first Confucian school-temple, constructed in 1665, as well as remnants of the Eastern and Southern gates of the old city and numerous other historical landmarks.

Wuguijing (烏鬼井)

WuGuijing (WuGui Well), was initially drilled by the Dutch East India Company in 1653. It served as a vital water source, frequently utilized by merchant ships. During the Qianlong period, the well underwent transformation, with its structure changed into a brick wall measuring 1.85 meters in diameter and 3.48 meters in depth. The water level of the well was maintained at approximately 57 cm below the ground.

During the Japanese occupation, the well was buried, remaining hidden until 1955 when it was excavated and restored by the Tainan Municipal Document Committee. However, with the advent of tap water availability and usage, the well gradually fell out of use. Cement covers were subsequently added to ensure safety. In recognition of its historical significance, WuGuijing was declared a three-level monument in 1985.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City East District

Sanshan Guowan Temple (臺南三山國王廟)

The temple was built in 1742 and holds the status of a national monument. The main deity worshipped in the temple is the Three Mountains Kings, while the left and right sections of the temple are dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Han Wengong, respectively.

In 1776, during a renovation, the temple was converted into a two-entry structure connected to the main temple. Another significant renovation took place in 1784.

During the Japanese occupation on April 9, 1899, the Governor's Office established the "Tainan Normal School" within the temple premises. In 1918, the school expanded and became the "Taiwan Branch of the National Government School of Taiwan Governorate," eventually moving to Chihkan Tower.

It was not until 1964, during the registration of religious groups, that the temple came under the management of the Chaoshan Association of Tainan City. In 1974, a temple management committee was established. However, due to the temple's deteriorated appearance during that period, it underwent refurbishment in 1988. Since then, the temple and its devotees have carried out several repairs. In 1994, a large-scale maintenance project was funded by the government and completed in 1996.

The temple consists of three sections with three entrances. The central section is the Sanshan King Hall, which includes the Sanchuan Hall, the worship hall, and the main hall. Dragon and tiger wells can be found on both sides. The layout of the Korean and Japanese virgins in the left and right sections is similar, with each section comprising the Sanchuan Hall and the main hall. These two sections are connected by a water corridor, and water wells can be found within the inner areas. The Lady of the Three Mountains is situated in the center of the apse, having been moved to the main hall for worship before being relocated back to its original position.

The building materials used for the temple were brought from Chaozhou, and Chaozhou artisans were hired to construct the temple in a distinctive Chaozhou style that deviates from the traditional architecture of Taiwanese temples. For example, the temple walls are made of bricks and coated with white ash, without elaborate wall decorations. The roof tiles are black, and the roof itself is straight without any upward curvature.

Zhongye Old Street (總爺古街)

ZhongYe Street, formerly known as Kengzi Street, is one of the well-preserved old streets in Tainan City. It originated during the Qing Dynasty as a street formed between the Gongmen Gate and the Hefei Port in the northern part of the city. ZhongYe Street served as an important entrance to the Taiwanese city and gradually developed into a bustling shopping street.

During the Japanese occupation, the government implemented urban corrections and constructed a new road nearby, which diminished the significance of ZhongYe Street. Consequently, it became a smaller street within the urban street network.

At the beginning and end of ZhongYe Street, you can find two land temples known as the "Township Top Land Temple (鎮轅境頂土地廟)" and the "Township Lower Land Temple (鎮轅境界頂土地公廟)." These temples serve as the spiritual centers of the street. According to historical accounts, both temples were originally built in 1748 and have undergone subsequent reconstructions. The Township Lower Land Temple consists of a main hall and a worship pavilion.

Xihua Temple (臺南西華堂)

The temple was built in 1750 and was recognized as a three-level monument in 1974. It has a rich history and has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years.

In 1750, four sons named Zhong, Weng, Wu, and Liu from the Weng Jinping School came to Taiwan to teach and established the Donganfang Church. The main body of the temple, known as Xihua Hall, was rebuilt in 1894 with the support of Lin Ruiyun and Zhaiyou. Additionally, they acquired the left house and expanded the temple by adding two additional guards.

During the Japanese occupation period in 1935, the temple underwent refurbishment to adapt to the changing times. Subsequent renovations took place in 1961, 1975, 1982, and 2000, ensuring the maintenance and preservation of the temple throughout the years.

Xihuatang follows a traditional courtyard building pattern with two entrances and three compartments. The layout includes a concave-shaped church door, a main hall, and two side rooms. In front of the church, there are also front and back gardens.

The main hall, also known as the "Three Officials Hall," was originally dedicated to the worship of the Three Officials in traditional Chinese culture. However, over time, it was influenced by Buddhism and transformed into a sanctuary for the Three Treasures Buddha and other deities. Adjacent to the main hall is the "Inner Hometown," which houses the portrait of Wang Zuotang, the leader of the Jinzhu School.

Within the main hall, there are seven ancestral halls and halls dedicated to Lu deities. The left and right guard rooms and wing rooms serve as spaces where believers can engage in their religious practices. The entire space of Xihuatang is designed to accommodate various rituals and activities associated with the temple's religious practices.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City West Central District

Former Japanese Army Agency (台南陸軍偕行社)

The former Japanese Army Tainan Minhang Society is a historic building in Tainan City, which was constructed in 1924. The society consists of three main buildings, but its front side is partially obscured by other structures, making it difficult to see the entire complex. This historic building is under the ownership of the Ministry of National Defense. Prior to its registration as a cultural asset in 2007, the site was still occupied by military units, and there were concerns about its potential demolition. In 2015, it was reported that the Ministry of National Defense would transfer the property to the Tainan Municipal Government for its use.

The former Japanese Army Tainan Minhang Club is a two-story wooden structure. The second floor features a wooden stone building with a three-tiered facade design, while the large stone base incorporates ventilation openings. The outer walls of the first floor are designed with mud-like patterns, while the second floor showcases a gray wall surface. The building is topped with a tiled roof. The main entrance has a concave design, and the high-ceilinged interior hall features an L-shaped wooden staircase, which adds to its unique character. The first-floor wooden building has an L-shaped layout, and the windows surrounding the inner garden are designed for dining purposes. The roof of the building is adorned with herringbone roof trusses and covered with exquisite stone tiles.

Chongwen Square (重道崇文坊)

Chongwen Square, built during the Qing Dynasty in 1815, holds historical significance in Tainan. It was originally constructed when the Qing court donated Wanjin to the Lin Dynasty, and a county was established for the purpose of studying Confucianism, known as the Confucian Temple. Today, Chongwen Square stands as one of the four remaining archways in Fucheng.

The stone pillars of Chongwen Square are made of green stone, white stone, and granite. They form three four-column structures arranged in two stories. The square has a height of 594 cm and a width of 683 cm. Each stone pillar is adorned with a stone lion.

Originally, Chongwen Square was located near the Dragon King Temple (in front of the Tainan Police Station). However, in 1934, due to the construction of Nanmen Road, the Dragon King Temple was forced to be demolished, and Chongwen Square faced a similar fate. Fortunately, the descendants of Lin Chaoying intervened and negotiated with the Japanese government. At their own expense, they relocated the square to the north side of Yantan Park in Tainan Park. During the relocation process, the top of the square's arch and the decorations suffered damage. After the relocation, efforts were made to restore and repair the damaged parts.

In 1992, it was discovered that one of the columns was tilting outward, posing a risk of collapse. The city government carried out urgent repairs, giving the square a modern appearance while ensuring its structural stability.

Address:

1. Wuguijing: 704台南市北區自強街146巷10號烏鬼井
2. Sanshan Guowan Temple: 704台南市北區西門路三段100號臺南三山國王廟
3. Zhongye Old Street: 704台南市北區公園南路111號總爺古街
4. Xihua Temple: 704台南市北區北忠街92號臺南西華堂
5. Former Japanese Army Agency: 704台南市北區公園南路21號台南陸軍偕行社
6. Chongwen Square: 704台南市北區北門路二段60號重道崇文坊

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Historic places of Tainan City East District

Tainan is the oldest city in Taiwan and is commonly known as the "Capital City" due to its more than 200 years of history as the capital of Taiwan under the rule of Koxinga and later the Qing Dynasty. The city's complex history of resurgence, redefinition, and renewal has earned it the popular nickname "Phoenix City." As Taiwan's oldest urban area, Tainan was established by the Dutch East India Company as a ruling and trading base known as Fort Zeelandia during the Dutch colonial period. The city's previous name, Tayouan, is believed to be the origin of the name "Taiwan."

Tainan is also regarded as one of Taiwan's cultural capitals, renowned for its rich folk cultures, including its famous street food and traditional cuisine. It has diligently preserved Taoist rituals and a wide range of living local traditions that encompass various aspects of life, from childbirth to funerals. The city is home to Taiwan's first Confucian school-temple, constructed in 1665, as well as remnants of the Eastern and Southern gates of the old city and numerous other historical landmarks.

Xunfang Fortress (臺灣府城 巽方砲台)

Xunfang Fortress, also known as Fangjing Town, is located in the eastern part of Tainan City. It is one of the two towers built during the construction of the East Gate and is the only remaining inland turret in Tainan.

The fortress was built during the Qing Dynasty in 1836 to protect the residents outside Dadongmen. It is constructed using coral reefs and triple concrete. The fortress has a square plane, with arches in the middle and banners on top. There are stairs leading to the top of the building and an original watchtower on the fort. Positioned in the southeast of the city, the fortress corresponds to the "Xun" position in the Eight Diagrams.

During the Japanese occupation, the city was heavily damaged, and the fortress was abandoned. After 1949, the Xunfang Fortress was occupied and rented by a Buddhist temple. Today, it serves as a pavilion and warehouse within the temple premises. As a result, there are many Buddhist scriptures displayed on the front of the fort.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City North District

Small East Gate (小東門段城桓殘蹟)

When City was constructed in 1735, the Xiaodongmen section encompassed several areas. Starting from Zhengdong Dongshan Temple, it extended from Dadongmen to Muzha and continued towards the right camp. From there, it turned northeast towards Xiaodongmen, then proceeded northwards, leading to the vicinity of the city guard camp and the Great North Gate. Therefore, the Xiaodongmen section refers to the two segments between Dadongmen City and Dabeimen City.

In the city of Tainan, the Xiaochengmen section is the only remaining part of the city and serves as a significant historical remnant. It represents a portion of the Xiaodongmen section of the Sanhe City Wall. The Xiaochengmen section stretches approximately 200 meters in length from Xiaodong Road in the north to around 65 meters in the south. It is hidden within dense woods. In 1966, when the National Cheng Kung University acquired the campus in the Guangfuying District, the southern section of the city wall was demolished to make way for the construction of the campus wall.

Former Tainan County Governor's Residence (原臺南縣知事官邸)

The former Tainan County Governor's Residence is a significant cultural asset in Tainan City. Originally serving as the official residence of the governor of Tainan County during the Japanese Occupation, it later became the official residence of the governor of Tainan Prefecture after the restructuring. The building had a dual purpose, serving as a residence and the "Imperial Pos" for the governor's inspection and the royal family.

After World War II, the building briefly housed the General Administration of Salt Affairs and Land Administration Office. In the 1980s, it was used as a civil defense command post and the Eastern District Office. The Tainan City Government Staff Consumer Cooperative Association was added to the front. Recognizing its historical significance, the building was designated as a municipal historic site in 1998.

Since 2006, the Governor's Residence has undergone several phases of renovation and maintenance. The Taiwan Artists Ensemble Cultural Foundation won the bid to transform it into the "Governor's Residence Concert Hall," which officially opened on October 8, 2011. Additionally, a Western restaurant called "Guandi Western Restaurant" was opened on the first floor in cooperation with Lang Yubin starting from June 28, 2012.

The Governor's Residence, a two-story British colonial-style building, features arcades on the front and back. The middle and both sides of the building protrude in an octagonal shape. The exposed bricks of the arcades and arch columns create a distinctive visual appearance, with the remaining parts painted in red and white. The interior showcases detailed carvings on the wooden handrails of the stairs, as well as unique designs on the wooden covers of curtains and door curtains. The original arc gable above the entrance was destroyed after the war and has been replaced with a simpler gable.

The residence is also known as the "Clock Tower" due to different interpretations. Some attribute the name to the presence of a clock that used to tell the time within the building, while others believe it originated from the circular shape of the original arc gable, which nearby residents mistook for a clock.

Former Tainan Minister's Residence (原臺南廳長官邸)

The former official residence of the Tainan Minister, which had been abandoned for a long time, has now been restored. Originally used as the "Minister of Internal Affairs Office," the building underwent various transformations over the years. After the restructuring of Tainan County into the Tainan Office in 1901, it became the dormitory for the Tainan Office Director, the Supreme Chief Executive of the Tainan District. From 1901 to 1920, six ministers lived in the residence. With the abolition of the local administrative system, the building transitioned into the official residence of the Minister of the Interior under the state system.

Following World War II, the building served as the residence of a senior official of the Republic of China government and was guarded by plainclothes personnel. Later, the National Tainan No. 1 High School took over the building and used it for various purposes. The land was eventually allocated to the Tainan City Government. The original main entrance on the west side of the residence was divided, and a two-story reception area was added to the principal's dormitory. The adjacent land on the east side was divided, leading to the construction of a two-story dormitory building for Tainan No. 1 Middle School. Over time, the area of the former Tainan Office Chief's residence gradually diminished. The main part of the mansion has been utilized as a dormitory for the school's faculty and staff. About 20 years ago, the last faculty member residing in the building relocated to the United States, leaving it vacant. The southern Japanese-style building within the complex experienced two fires, resulting in the complete destruction of the original structure, with only bricks and remnants remaining.

The building was designated as a municipal monument on July 16, 2001. Prior to its restoration, the structure was in a state of near-collapse. The restoration process commenced in 2010, and repairs to the emergency protection scaffolding, porch, and other elements were completed in 2016.

The building features a fusion of Japanese and Western architectural styles. The western pavilion located on the north side of the building likely served as an office and reception space, while the southern pavilion functioned as a living area. Unfortunately, the pavilion on the south side was destroyed by fire, leaving only partial remains. The mansion's roof is adorned with Japanese-style cement tiles, while the walls are constructed from bamboo and mortar. Ventilation holes are present on the raised base, and an external corridor surrounds the building. Originally, there was a porch at the west entrance, but it was demolished by Tainan No. 1 High School in 2008 as part of an effort to improve the environment and prevent dengue fever. When the building was restored in 2015, it was reconstructed to resemble its original form.

Yingchunmen (臺灣府城-東門城(迎春門) )

Yingchunmen, also known as Taiwan's Fucheng Dadongmen, was built in 1725 as one of the 14 gates of the Taiwanese capital during the Qing Dynasty. It is the largest existing city gate in Taiwan.

The Great East Gate was initially constructed with wooden floors, but in 1736, the wooden gate was replaced with a masonry gate. In 1786, the Lin Shuangwen incident broke out in Taiwan, and as a result, the city was renamed Sanhe in 1788. The Dongdong Gate was converted into a two-story tower, and additional gates and towers were constructed in the surrounding corridors to enhance the defense capabilities of Fucheng. Many houses are located around Dadongmen, and the residents live near the stone walls of the city gate.

In 1895, the Japanese attacked Tainan Fucheng from three sides, and on October 22, the Japanese army entered the city. Since then, the city has faced the fate of demolition, and the city gate has fallen into disrepair. In 1901, the government issued a plan for urban correction, and Dadongmen was intended to be preserved as a ring green park.

After World War II, Dadongmen was occupied by illegal buildings, and the tower was demolished in 1952. In August 1955, Typhoon Ayres brought heavy rains, leading to the collapse of the tower and the destruction of houses nearby, resulting in a tragedy where ten people were buried. Only the pedestal of Dadongmen remained.

In 1975, the city tower was rebuilt, preserving its ancient features. While the shape of the windows has changed, the government reconstructed Dadongmen in its original form in 1977. In 1985, the government designated Dadongmen as a three-level monument.

The Dadongmen City Tower is a two-story structure with a robust mountain design featuring orange cylinders. All four sides of the tower are white, and the second floor is adorned with octagonal and fan-shaped windows. It remains the largest existing city gate in Taiwan. The city gate of Dadongmen is constructed with long strips of granite. The city base is grand, and the doorway is centered. The west side arch is engraved with "Yingchunmen," while the east side features a stone banner titled "Donganmen".

See also: Historic places of Tainan City West Central District

Old City Wall Remains (成功堂舊址)

Taiwan's Fucheng Town was indeed established in 1788, and today only a few remnants of the town remain. Two of these remnants are large in size and have been designated as three-level monuments for preservation, while another smaller section is listed as a municipal monument.

Originally, the town was constructed using clay as the primary material. However, due to the heavy rains during Tainan's spring and summer seasons, additional layers of soil were added for protection. The remaining section of the town is approximately 64 meters long and 5 meters high.

In 1982, the National Cheng Kung University dismantled a portion of this city section, approximately 100 meters in length, in order to construct new classrooms. This removal affected the historical remains of the town.

Address:

1. Xunfang Fortress: 701台南市東區光華街10號臺灣府城 巽方砲台
2. Small East Gate: 701台南市東區大學路1號小東門段城桓殘蹟
3. Former Tainan County Governor's Residence: 701台南市東區衛民街1號原臺南縣知事官邸
4. Former Tainan Minister's Residence: 701台南市東區育樂街197巷2號原臺南廳長官邸
5. Yingchunmen: 701台南市東區東門路一段243號臺灣府城-東門城(迎春門) 
6. Old Wall Remains: 701台南市東區勝利路294號成功堂舊址

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Historic places of Tainan City West Central District (part IV)

Tainan is the oldest city in Taiwan and is commonly known as the "Capital City" due to its more than 200 years of history as the capital of Taiwan under the rule of Koxinga and later the Qing Dynasty. The city's complex history of resurgence, redefinition, and renewal has earned it the popular nickname "Phoenix City." As Taiwan's oldest urban area, Tainan was established by the Dutch East India Company as a ruling and trading base known as Fort Zeelandia during the Dutch colonial period. The city's previous name, Tayouan, is believed to be the origin of the name "Taiwan."

Tainan is also regarded as one of Taiwan's cultural capitals, renowned for its rich folk cultures, including its famous street food and traditional cuisine. It has diligently preserved Taoist rituals and a wide range of living local traditions that encompass various aspects of life, from childbirth to funerals. The city is home to Taiwan's first Confucian school-temple, constructed in 1665, as well as remnants of the Eastern and Southern gates of the old city and numerous other historical landmarks.

National Museum of Taiwan Literature (國立臺灣文學館)

The National Taiwan Literature Museum is the first national-level literature museum in Taiwan. It is located in the former Tainan State Hall of the National Monument in the Central and Western District of Tainan City. Along with the museum, the site also houses the Cultural Asset Preservation Research Center of the Cultural Assets Bureau of the Ministry of Culture.

The establishment of the National Taiwan Literature Museum began in August 1997 with the establishment of the "Preparation Office of the Cultural Assets Preservation Research Center" by the Cultural Construction Committee of the Executive Yuan. The restoration project was completed in late 2002, and the museum was officially opened on October 17, 2003. In 2007, it was officially named the "National Taiwan Literature Museum."

The historic building that houses the museum was originally a residence of the Tainan Hall during the Japanese occupation period. Designed by an assistant of architect Moriyama Matsuke, it underwent renovations after being damaged during World War II. It served as the "Air Force Supply Command" and later became the Tainan City Government Office.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City (part III)

Tainan City Fire Museum (原臺南合同廳舍)

The Tainan City Fire Museum is housed in the original Tainan Contract Office Building, which was a joint office building constructed during the Japanese occupation period in Tainan City. It's now recognized as a historic monument in Tainan City. Initially, only the central tower was built, and later the building was expanded to include additional sections. During the Japanese occupation, the building housed the fire department office (left wing), police hall (right wing), and Jincho police station (end). After the war, the building was repurposed and used as the second branch of the Tainan City Fire Brigade (left wing) and the Minsheng Police Station (end) of the 2nd Division of the 1st Brigade (Right Wing). The Minsheng Police Station was abolished in 2003. Following renovations, a portion of the space now serves as the "Tainan City Fire History Museum," while the fire brigade continues to operate from the building.

The construction of the central tower took place in 1930 to commemorate the ascension of Emperor Showa. At the time, it was called the "Yu Dadian Memorial Tower" and included a dedicated section for the fire brigade. It was the tallest building in the urban area of Tainan and later served as a fire observation deck. In 1937, a "contract hall" reinforced with bricks was added on both sides of the tower, providing space for a fire station, police hall, and Jincho police station.

The Tainan Municipal Government designated the building as a monument on June 26, 1998. In 2015, repair work commenced, which involved the removal of white paint from the outer walls and the restoration of the north-side arcade's original appearance. The restoration project was completed, and the building reopened on April 15, 2019, as the Tainan City Fire History Pavilion.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City North District

Tang Dezhang Memorial Park (湯德章紀念公園)

The Tang Dezhang Memorial Park adopted a ring design influenced by European architectural styles during the Japanese occupation period. It was a central hub for important official buildings such as the Tainan Municipal Center, Tainan State Office, and Contract Office. Initially known as "Kodama Park" due to the presence of a bronze statue of Governor-General Kotaro Taro, it was later renamed the Tang Dezhang Memorial Park in honor of Tang Dezhang, an executed lawyer. The park is located in an area with a high density of historic sites and is considered an essential part of Tainan's sightseeing experience.

Address:

1. National Museum of Taiwan Literature: 700台南市中西區湯德章大道1號國立臺灣文學館
2. Tainan City Fire Museum: 700台南市中西區中正路2-1號原臺南合同廳舍
3. Tang Dezhang Memorial Park: 700台南市中西區民生路一段6號湯德章紀念公園

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Historic places of Tainan City West Central District (part III)

Tainan is the oldest city in Taiwan and is commonly known as the "Capital City" due to its more than 200 years of history as the capital of Taiwan under the rule of Koxinga and later the Qing Dynasty. The city's complex history of resurgence, redefinition, and renewal has earned it the popular nickname "Phoenix City." As Taiwan's oldest urban area, Tainan was established by the Dutch East India Company as a ruling and trading base known as Fort Zeelandia during the Dutch colonial period. The city's previous name, Tayouan, is believed to be the origin of the name "Taiwan."

Tainan is also regarded as one of Taiwan's cultural capitals, renowned for its rich folk cultures, including its famous street food and traditional cuisine. It has diligently preserved Taoist rituals and a wide range of living local traditions that encompass various aspects of life, from childbirth to funerals. The city is home to Taiwan's first Confucian school-temple, constructed in 1665, as well as remnants of the Eastern and Southern gates of the old city and numerous other historical landmarks.

Former Tainan Shrine Office (原臺南神社事務所)

Former Tainan Shrine Office is located in the Central and Western District of Tainan City. It was designated as a municipal monument on March 7, 2004, and after renovation, it was used as a library for Zhongyi Elementary School. Although referred to as a shrine office, it may have served as a resting place for the outer garden of Tainan Shrine. The building was constructed in 1936 during the Japanese occupation period. After 1945, it was used as the dormitory for the principal of Zhongyi Elementary School and as a kindergarten school building attached to the school. After undergoing renovation in 2010, it was transformed into the library of Zhongyi Elementary School. The building's construction is similar to that of Wude Hall.

Wude Hall (原臺南武德殿)

Wude Hall  is a pavilion constructed in 1936 by the Great Japan Wude Association to promote martial arts. It was the largest Wude Hall in Taiwan and exhibited superior design and construction quality. The Great Japan Wude Association was established in 1895 to promote martial arts, and in 1906, the "Taiwan Branch of the Great Japan Wude Association" was officially established, actively promoting martial arts in Taiwan. After World War II, the building served as an auditorium for Tainan City High School and Zhongyi Elementary School. It was designated as a municipal monument in 1998. The original architectural style of Wude Hall follows that of traditional Japanese temple buildings. It is a two-story structure with spacious and open sides, and the main entrance is located on the second floor.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City (part I)

Shitao Ye Memorial Hall (葉石濤文學紀念館)

Shitao Ye Memorial Hall is dedicated to Ye Shitao (1925-2008), a Taiwanese literary writer known for his novels and reviews. On December 6, 2009, a bronze statue commemorating Ye Shitao was unveiled at the lakeside of Kaohsiung Literature Museum in Kaohsiung City's Central Park. The Ye Shitao Literature Memorial Hall was opened in Tainan in 2012.

Confucius Temple (臺南孔廟)

Confucius Temple (臺南孔廟) in Tainan was constructed in 1665 and is the earliest Confucian Temple in Taiwan. The temple covers an area of 9,000 square meters with a construction area of 2,170 square meters. During the early Qing Dynasty, it served as the primary educational institution for Taiwanese children. The Tainan Confucius Temple was designated as a national first-class monument in 1983. Originally, only Dacheng Hall, also known as the First Masters Temple, was established to worship Confucius. Later, Minglun Hall was added for lectures. Classes and exams were conducted monthly, and meals were provided based on merit. A major examination was held every three years, and outstanding candidates were selected for governmental positions. In 1685, Zhou Chang and Jiang Yuying initiated the temple's reconstruction, adding plaques like Kaisheng in the north and the sacred gate in the south. Subsequently, Dianchi and Zhaizhai were constructed. In 1700, Wang Zhilin oversaw the temple and built Minglong Hall and Longting Library behind Dacheng Hall. The Qisheng title was changed to Chongsheng in 1723, and the temple underwent multiple repairs. From 1749 to 1751, under the initiative of the overseeing priest Yang Kaiding, the Confucius Temple was rebuiltwith significant restoration efforts. In 1777, the Gonggongfang was constructed outside Dongdachengfang, and the Daxuan Temple added the Fuxing Department to the west. This period marked the peak of the Tainan Confucius Temple. However, the temple suffered considerable damage from earthquakes during the Jiaqing and Tongzhi eras.

During the Japanese occupation period, the Governor's Office of Taiwan issued the "Public School Order" and the "Public School Rules" in 1898, establishing the "Tainan Public School" within the Confucius Temple. In 1904, it was renamed "The First Public School in Tainan." In 1916, the temple was renovated, and the Wenli monument was added on the southeast side. The temple was also affected during World War II. After the war, the Tainan Municipal Government raised funds for renovation, which took place in 1953, 1977, and 1979.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City (part II)

Wenchang Court

Wenchang Court is a three-story courtyard located in the Confucius Temple complex. It features a unique three-door hatchback, making it the only temple of this style in Taiwan. The right entrance is Dachengmen, followed by Dacheng Hall, and finally Chongsheng.

Dachengfang

Dachengfang, also known as Dongdachengfang, serves as the main entrance to the Tainan Confucius Temple. It was built in 1715 and bears the inscription "Taiwan First School" on its exterior. In 1917, the building underwent renovation, and the current structure is a replica. Additionally, a monument on the north side of Dongdachengfang displays the inscription "Wenwu officials, soldiers, civilians, etc." Xi Dacheng Square was constructed in 1749 but has been closed since the war.

Dianchi

Dianchi and Yigong Square can be found between Dachengfang and Dachengmen. The eastern side of the trail is called Dianchi, while the western side is Yigong. The structures were built in 1715 and were once surrounded by a wall.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City North District

Limen and Yilu

Limen and Yilu are located between Dachengfang and Dachengmen. The east side of the trail is Limen, the west side is Yilu. It was built in 1715. In the past it was surrounded by a wall.

Dacheng Hall

Dacheng Hall, located in Dachengmen, is the tallest building within the Confucius Temple complex. It sits on a raised platform and is supported by twelve pillars and three-sided load-bearing walls. The ridge of the hall features nine pagodas adorned with double dragons and Tibetan prayer tubes. In front of the temple, there is a terrace where ritual dances are performed. The central shrine is dedicated to Confucius, while the sides are dedicated to Yan Zi, Zi Si, Zeng Zi, Mencius, and the twelve philosophers (Xunzi, Ran Yong, Duan Muci, Zhong Yu, Bu Shang, You Ruo, Qi Bo Niu, Zai Ji). The ceremonial library and the instrument library are located on the north side, east and west, respectively.

Chongsheng

Chongsheng is the ancestral hall located on the north side of Dacheng Hall. It is an open hall supported by 18 pillars, and the central shrine is dedicated to Confucius' five generations of ancestors. To the east of Chongsheng Temple is the Chengshu Academy, and to the west is the classic library. They were originally named Ming and Xiangxian before 1749, but their purpose was later changed to store musical instruments and classics. Yicheng College served as the music bureau of the Tainan Confucius Temple and is believed to have existed since the temple's founding.

Gate of virtue

Gate of Virtue is a wide entrance consisting of three central open spaces and two side rooms. The central gate is titled, and inside the door is the "Ming Lun Tang" and Wenchang Pavilion.

Minglun Hall and Wenchang Pavilion

Minglun Hall and Wenchang Pavilion are significant structures within the Confucius Temple complex. Mingluntang Hall serves as a lecture hall for Confucianism and is supported by a wooden frame with four pillars at the front. Wenchang Pavilion is a three-story building dedicated to Wenchang Emperor. The first floor is square and houses the main deity, while the second floor is round. The third floor is octagonal and dedicated to Kuixing, the deity of examinations. Wenchang Pavilion was closed in 2004 due to structural damage but reopened in 2009.

Former Tainan Weather Observatory (原台南測候所)

The meteorological observation building in Tainan was constructed in 1898 during the Japanese occupation. It was recognized as a monument by the Tainan City government in 1998 and later upgraded to a national monument in 2003. The building consists of two structures: a circular structure and a wide chimney tower. It is one of the few large-scale buildings from the early days of the government and played a significant role in the advancement of modern meteorological observations in Taiwan. Meteorological observations are crucial for understanding Taiwan's economy and ensuring the well-being of its people.

The circular structure has a diameter of approximately 15 meters and a construction area of 180 square meters. On top of the circular building is a central circular tower wind meter with a diameter of around 3 meters. The chimney tower stands about 6.5 meters tall. The circular structure is centered around the wind meter, and the remaining area is covered with roof tiles. The outer steel bars are arranged radially in eighteen directions. Inside the building, there are six rooms divided by an east-west aisle, and the official office building, along with the upper central round tower wind meter, reaches a height of 11.6 meters. The sloping roof is made of black tiles, and the eighteen girders made of roofing steel strips are erected from the upper edge of the inner ring wall of the central round tower. During the late 19th century, this building was not only the tallest structure in Tainan but also a prominent landmark rarely seen in Taiwan at that time.

After several renovations, the structure of the current meteorological observatory has not changed significantly, although the original red brick and tile coating has been replaced with a more modern style. In 1945, the original Tainan Weather Station was renamed the "Tainan Meteorological Bureau" and resumed ground observations two years later. Over the years, it underwent several renaming processes and was ultimately designated as the "Central Meteorological Bureau Tainan Meteorological Station" in 1977. The office space at the observatory was relocated to a new building nearby due to the aging of the construction and equipment in 1989. In 1998, the observatory ceased its observing operations.

See also: Historic places of Tainan City East District

Shuiliu Guanyi Old Street (水流觀音老街)

Shuiliu Guanyi Old Street is a historic street in Tainan known for its well-preserved old buildings. The street is named after the Shuiliu Guanyin Temple, which is dedicated to Guanyin, the Buddhist goddess of mercy. The temple was constructed during the Qing Dynasty and serves as a popular place of worship for both locals and visitors. The surrounding old street is filled with various shops, eateries, and traditional craft stores, offering a glimpse into Tainan's history and culture. It is a favored destination for those interested in exploring the city's heritage.

Tainan Wu Garden (台南吳園) 

Tainan Wu Garden (台南吳園), originally known as "Purple Spring Garden (紫春園)," is situated in the West Central District of Tainan. The garden was built around 1828 by Wu Shangxin, a prominent salt magnate. It is renowned as one of the Four Great Gardens of Taiwan, along with the Lin Family Mansion and Garden in Wufeng, Beiguo Garden in Hsinchu, and Lin Family Mansion and Garden in Banqiao. Wu Garden was initially acquired by Wu Shangxin when he purchased the garden of He Bin, an interpreter during the Dutch rule who played a role in the fall of Fort Zeelandia.

During the Japanese rule, the fortunes of the Wu family declined, leading to the confiscation of the garden by Tainan Prefecture. In 1911, the Former TainanAssembly Hall was constructed along the southern edge of the Wu Garden, along with the famous Four Seasons Inn on its southeastern side. The Tainan Library was built in 1920 on the northwestern corner, and the Tainan Municipal Swimming Pool was added in 1922 on the northern edge of the garden. In 1974, the Four Seasons Inn, Tainan Library, and Tainan Municipal Bathhouse were sold to the Far East Department Store, which currently operates its Park Branch store on the premises. In 1994, there were plans for commercial development on the garden grounds, but these plans were ultimately dropped, and the garden has been preserved to this day as a testament to Tainan's rich history.

Address:

1. Former Tainan Shrine Office: 700台南市中西區忠義路二段2號原臺南神社事務所
2. Wude Hall: 700台南市中西區忠義路二段2號原臺南武德殿
3. Shitao Ye Memorial Hall: 700台南市中西區友愛街8-3號葉石濤文學紀念館
4. Confucius Temple: 700台南市中西區南門路2號臺南孔廟
5. Former Tainan Weather Observatory: 700台南市中西區公園路21號原台南測候所
6. Tainan Wu Garden: 700台南市中西區民權路二段30號台南吳園

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